173 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
173 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
# NixOS
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## Playground (QEMU)
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```bash
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sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-manager
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```
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- Video: QXL
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- If the HDD for the VM is too small: `qemu-img resize nixos.qcow2 +20G`
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## Manuelle Installation (UEFI)
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### 1. Root-Shell starten
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```bash
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sudo -i
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# Use german keyboard layout
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loadkeys de
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# Short for all the stuff below !!! TAKE CARE OF THE USERDATA !!!
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curl -L https://www.fischer.im/nixos/minimal-install --output install.sh
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chmod 744 ./install.sh
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./install.sh
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reboot
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```
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If you don't use the installation script, you need to follow the steps 2-8
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### 2. Partitionierung
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The following schema creates four partitions on `/dev/sda`:
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| Partition | Typ | Groesse | Mountpoint |
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|-------------|----------------|-------------------|------------|
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| `/dev/sda1` | FAT32 (EFI) | 512 MB | `/boot` |
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| `/dev/sda2` | linux-swap | 8 GB | — |
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| `/dev/sda3` | ext4 (Root) | Rest minus Home | `/` |
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| `/dev/sda4` | ext4 (Home) | 50% des Rests | `/home` |
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**HINT:** The sizes must be adapted to your hard drive. In the example it's assumed that a 100GB drive is in use.
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```bash
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# GPT-partition table
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parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
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# EFI-partition (512 MB)
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parted /dev/sda -- mkpart esp fat32 1MB 512MB
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parted /dev/sda -- set 1 esp on
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# Swap-partition (8 GB)
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parted /dev/sda -- mkpart swap linux-swap 512MB 8626MB
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# Root-partition (ca. 45 GB)
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parted /dev/sda -- mkpart root ext4 8636MB 40000MB
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# Home-partition (Rest)
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parted /dev/sda -- mkpart home ext4 40000MB 100%
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# Check result
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parted /dev/sda -- print
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```
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### 3. Dateisysteme erstellen
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```bash
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# EFI-Partition formatieren
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mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sda1
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# Swap-Partition formatieren
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mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
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# Root-Partition formatieren
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mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda3
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# Home-Partition formatieren
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mkfs.ext4 -L home /dev/sda4
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```
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### 4. Partitionen einhängen
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Die Reihenfolge ist wichtig — zuerst Root, dann die Unterverzeichnisse:
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```bash
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# Root mounten
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mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
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# Boot-Verzeichnis erstellen und mounten
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mkdir /mnt/boot
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mount -o umask=077 /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
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# Home-Verzeichnis erstellen und mounten
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mkdir -p /mnt/home
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mount /dev/disk/by-label/home /mnt/home
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# Swap aktivieren
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swapon /dev/disk/by-label/swap
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```
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### 6. Generate configuration
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```bash
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nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
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```
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This creates two files:
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- `/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix` — detected hardware and mountpoints
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- `/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` — Base configuration
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### 7. Check the detected bootloader
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Check in `/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`, that the bootloader is configured like this:
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```nix
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{
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boot.loader = {
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systemd-boot.enable = true;
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efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
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};
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}
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```
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### 8. Install system
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```bash
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nixos-install
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# After the installation the script sets your root password. (Test1)
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reboot
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```
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### 9. After the first reboot
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```bash
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curl --output release.tar.gz https://gitea.fischer.im/sebastian/nixos-cesium/archive/[0.0.2].tar.gz
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tar xzf release.tar.gz
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chmod 744 nixos-cesium/script/post-install.sh
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./nixos-cesium/script/post-install.sh
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```
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If you don't use the post-installation script, follow the next step
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```bash
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cp -r ~/nixos-cesium/config/* /etc/nixos/
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# Remember to activate vm-guest.nix or vm-host.nix in configuration.nix
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nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/release-25.11.tar.gz home-manager
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nix-channel --update
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# Konfiguration anwenden
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nixos-rebuild switch --option experimental-features "nix-command flakes"
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reboot
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```
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### 10. Post Installation
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```bash
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# SMB-Zugangsdaten einrichten (falls Netzlaufwerke genutzt werden)
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sudo /etc/nixos/setup-smb-credentials.sh
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```
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## Wartung
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```bash
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# Nix Store optimieren und alte Generationen entfernen
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sudo nix-store --optimise && sudo nix-collect-garbage -d
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```
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